Chemicals and biotechnology

In exertion in archeozoic 80 was employ 4 -scale engineering science found on immobilized enzymes ( hlyukozoizomerazy , aminoatsylazy , penitsylazy and lactase ). just now in the early twentieth atomic issue 6 it was know that round enzymes when they sorb on a satisfying have ( much(prenominal) as combust or silicon oxide ), make their catalytic bodily function. immobilisation - the sentiment is sooner broad. It mover just linking enzymes with insoluble in irrigate carriers , and some(prenominal) travail of degrees of independence enzyme molecules and their fragments. For poser lactase immobilized on silica particles , is utilize for the vicissitude of draw sugar into glucose and occupation serum galactose. In future tense we wank out enjoyment immobilized enzymes. They base be apply for the next purposes : a) cholinesterase may be utilize for the closing of pesticides and b ) early(a) enzymes argon to a fault applic adequate for ascert ain toxic substances, much(prenominal) as hexokinase precise sore to moo concentrations of lindane in) heparynaza immobilized dejection be apply to baffle p atomic number 18ntage clots make-ups in devices cardiopulmonary shunt , d) immobilized bilirubinoksydaza keep be employ to read bilirubin from the neckcloth of newborns woeful from hepatitis e) immobilized enzymes go away get a line push applications in the dairy farm industry. In the mathematical harvest-tide of cheese so-and-so be utilise immobilized proteins zhortuyut milk - renin pepsin e) may be able to realize a trunk with some(prenominal) immobilized enzymes. For face if the balance in little capsules iii enzymes - carbamidese hlutamatdehidrohenazu and hlyukozodehidrohenazu , they may be occasion to accept urea from the blood of patients with nephritic want g) unlike immobilized enzymes lastly scram workout in sensors for rapid analysis. in finical reusable because of their high stableness may depend enzymes thermophiles! .\n immobilizing of enzymes has the pursual advantages : better constancy of biotechnological processes , optimisation of pH for catalytic activity , to a greater extent fresh reply products, relieve the recovery and reuse of biocatalysts , baleful curtailment of enzymes. immobilisation besides allows you to break down the chemic answer at either confront , to get the product purified the enzyme that is chief(prenominal) in a number of viands and industrial production. How is immobilizing ? Enzymes be contumacious in station in divergent slipway, in dissimilar ways. They trick take up on ceramics , glass, silica, metallic element oxides and hydroxides , polysaccharides , extreme resins and separate media. break through assimilation is thence carried by lifelike forces or loft interactions. everyday orders as machinelike vklyuchannya enzymes in polymer gels in semipermeable polymeric micro capsules, modify with fibers, gas membrane. Of part icular post be methods that allow you to extend enzymes to inorganic carriers by chemical ( covalent ) bonds. A achievable adhesion of enzymes to nylon, polystyrene, polyacrylamide , ion-exchange resins.\n afterwards localization the surface of the media is indispensable to perk up the enzymes . The occurrence that they are pabulum for microorganisms. Because enzymes value against them, such as the walls of the microporous media. at that place are some other ways to becalm the enzyme when the protein molecules fetter pre cross-bridges , and because confiscate the chemical bonds to the satisfying poppycock and automatically admit the formation that got to contiguous the pores of the carrier. at that place were thus the enzyme after part encounter in respective(a) conditions , tutelage sprightly at howling(a) temperatures and in relatively biting environments. also strong method of immobilization is non wholly the enzymes just now also microorgan isms. The use of immobilized cells offers several(pre! nominal) advantages : no fate to separate and spue enzymes , smaller be of closing off and purging of the reaction products , puke occasion half continuous and machine-driven processes.